Plagiarism


 * Three ways of incorporating other writers' work into your own writing **
 * 1) ** Quotations ** must be identical to the original, using a narrow segment of the source. They must match the source document word for word and must be attributed to the original author.
 * 2) ** Paraphrasing ** involves putting a passage from source material into your own words. A paraphrase must also be attributed to the original source. Paraphrased material is usually shorter than the original passage, taking a somewhat broader segment of the source and condensing it slightly.
 * 3) ** Summarizing ** involves putting the main idea(s) into your own words, including only the main point(s). Once again, it is necessary to attribute summarized ideas to the original source. Summaries are significantly shorter than the original and take a broad overview of the source material.

Quotations, paraphrases, and summaries serve many purposes. You might use them to:
 * Why use quotations, paraphrases, and summaries? **
 * Provide support for claims or add credibility to your writing
 * Refer to work that leads up to the work you are now doing
 * Give examples of several points of view on a subject
 * Call attention to a position that you wish to agree or disagree with
 * Highlight a particularly striking phrase, sentence, or passage by quoting the original
 * Distance yourself from the original by quoting it in order to cue readers that the words are not your own
 * Expand the breadth or depth of your writing

Writers frequently intertwine summaries, paraphrases, and quotations. As part of a summary of an article, a chapter, or a book, a writer might include paraphrases of various key points blended with quotations of striking or suggestive phrases as in the following example:

Practice summarizing the essay found [|here], using paraphrases and quotations as you go. It might be helpful to follow these steps: There are several ways to integrate quotations into your text. Often, a short quotation works well when integrated into a sentence. Longer quotations can stand alone. Remember that quoting should be done only sparingly; be sure that you have a good reason to include a direct quotation when you decide to do so.
 * How to use quotations, paraphrases, and summaries **
 * Read the entire text, noting the key points and main ideas.
 * Summarize in your own words what the single main idea of the essay is.
 * Paraphrase important supporting points that come up in the essay.
 * Consider any words, phrases, or brief passages that you believe should be quoted directly.




 * ** Summarizing ** || ** Paraphrasing ** || ** Quoting ** ||
 * * Must reference the original source
 * The text is much shorter than the original text. (For example, one may write a single page to summarize a four-page article.)
 * Must use your own words, usually with a very limited use of quotations. || * Must reference the original source
 * The text produced may be shorter or longer than the original text


 * Must use your own words || * Must reference the original source
 * The text produced is the exact length of the original text quoted (unless ellipses are used)


 * Use the original author’s exact words
 * Put quotation marks around the original author’s exact words
 * Include the page number of the original source from which you borrowed the author’s original language. ||